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quant

Solana releases quantum roadmap: selects Falcon solution, existing migration work is ready

Solana's official article on the potential impact of quantum computing on blockchain reiterates that the quantum threat is still years away, but the Solana ecosystem has already conducted thorough research and technical preparations in advance.The independent verification client development teams Anza and Firedancer (which together represent a large portion of the network's staking share) have unanimously concluded after independent research that a compact signature scheme suitable for high-throughput blockchains is needed, and they have jointly selected the Falcon scheme. Both parties have published their initial implementation code on GitHub.In addition, the Solana Winternitz Vault developed by Blueshift has been operational in the ecosystem for over two years, providing a direct quantum-resistant path. Earlier this year, Google Quantum AI listed this Vault as a leading example of forward-looking post-quantum work in its white paper.Solana's current quantum roadmap includes ongoing quantum research and evaluation of Falcon and alternative solutions; adopting post-quantum solutions for new wallets when quantum becomes a credible threat; and migrating existing wallets to the selected solution. The official statement indicates that the migration work is manageable and can be completed quickly when the time comes, with network performance expected to remain largely unaffected.

Bitcoin Quantum Security Crisis: 6.9 million BTC exposed to risk, governance challenges hinder response progress

According to CoinDesk, while quantum computers cannot disrupt the Bitcoin mining mechanism or the blockchain ledger, they may potentially crack the elliptic curve encryption system that protects wallet ownership through Shor's algorithm. Currently, about 6.9 million BTC (approximately one-third of the total supply) face potential risks due to public keys being visible on-chain, including around 1 million early holdings by Satoshi Nakamoto; transactions generated after the Taproot upgrade in 2021 are also affected due to public key exposure.Ethereum has established a formal quantum resistance migration plan since 2018, with 4 full-time teams and over 10 independent development groups, and has launched a dedicated progress website at pq.ethereum.org. In contrast, Bitcoin currently lacks a unified response roadmap, and the existing BIP-360 proposal and BitMEX Research detection scheme have not received widespread support from core developers. Notable Bitcoin advocate Nic Carter pointed out that Bitcoin's response is "the worst," while Blockstream CEO Adam Back believes that current quantum systems are still in the laboratory stage, but he also agrees that optional upgrade solutions should be deployed in advance.Analysts point out that Bitcoin's anti-centralization governance culture makes coordinating large-scale security upgrades extremely difficult, and how to handle historical legacy issues such as Satoshi Nakamoto's holdings is particularly challenging. A related paper from Google warns that once quantum attacks become a reality, the window for response may have already closed.

Coinbase: Ethereum, Solana, and other PoS chains may face quantum risks

According to Decrypt, Coinbase's Quantum Computing and Blockchain Independent Advisory Committee released a report on Tuesday stating that proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains may face a greater risk of exposure to future quantum computing attacks, as the cryptography relied upon by the validator signatures that protect these networks could ultimately be cracked by sufficiently powerful quantum computers. The report points out that PoS networks like Ethereum and Solana rely on cryptographic signatures—Ethereum validators use BLS signatures, while Solana validators and users use Ed25519 signatures—to help the network reach consensus on blocks and maintain consensus.The advisory committee stated, "PoS chains have exposure risks in the signature schemes used by validators to protect the network, which means that the challenges faced by PoS are not just about upgrading wallets; parts of the core consensus mechanism itself may need to be redesigned." The report mentioned recent work by Ethereum developers, including a proposal by co-founder Vitalik Buterin in February to replace BLS validator signatures, KZG commitments, and ECDSA wallet signatures with quantum-resistant alternatives.The committee also listed the digital signatures used in cryptocurrency wallets as another major long-term vulnerability, estimating that about 6.9 million bitcoins belong to the category where the public keys are already visible on-chain. The report stated that the current cryptocurrency system remains secure, as quantum computers capable of breaking modern cryptographic signatures do not yet exist.

Ripple announced a quantum resistance roadmap, aiming to make XRP Ledger quantum-resistant by 2028

Ripple officially announced its quantum resistance roadmap, with the core goal of making the XRP Ledger (XRPL) quantum-resistant by 2028. The roadmap primarily addresses the potential attack mode of "harvest now, decrypt later," where attackers collect encrypted data now and wait for future quantum computers to mature before cracking it.The entire plan will be implemented in four phases:Phase 1: Q-Day Emergency Preparedness (Already Started). Establish a Q-Day emergency response mechanism. If the existing classical encryption system is suddenly compromised, the network will immediately stop accepting traditional public key signatures, forcing a migration to quantum-safe accounts. At the same time, explore asset ownership verification solutions based on Post-Quantum ZK-proofs, allowing existing account holders to safely recover funds in emergencies without exposing vulnerable keys.Phase 2: Risk Assessment and Algorithm Testing (First Half of 2026). Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the impact of post-quantum cryptography on the performance, storage, and bandwidth of the XRP Ledger network. Collaborate with Project Eleven to conduct validator-level testing and Devnet benchmarking, deploy NIST standardized ML-DSA quantum-safe signature schemes, and develop prototypes for post-quantum custodial wallets. Core engineer Denis Angell has already deployed ML-DSA signatures on XRPL's AlphaNet.Phase 3: Devnet Hybrid Integration (Second Half of 2026). Parallel integration of candidate post-quantum signature schemes with existing elliptic curve signatures on the developer network (Devnet), allowing developers to test performance and system impacts without affecting the mainnet. At the same time, explore post-quantum zero-knowledge proof primitives and homomorphic encryption technologies for Confidential Transfers to enhance the privacy and compliance capabilities of tokenized real-world assets on XRPL.Phase 4: Full Mainnet Upgrade (Target 2028). Submit a formal protocol amendment, which will be fully enabled on the mainnet after being approved by validator votes, to implement native post-quantum cryptography. Focus on production-ready optimization: throughput tuning, validator reliability assurance, and coordinated migration of the ecosystem, ensuring a complete transition without affecting network speed and settlement finality.
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